Twice exceptionality: autism spectrum disorder and giftedness
Keywords:
twice exceptionality, autism spectrum disorder, high abilities, giftednessAbstract
The increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the complexity of its manifestations, including the coexistence with High Abilities/Giftedness (HA/GD) in the so-called double exceptionality, demand in-depth investigations. This study aimed to understand the interrelationships between ASD and HA/GD through a systematic review of the literature, using the PubMed, PeriodicoCapes, ScienceDirect and Scielo databases, with a time frame of the last ten years and following the PRISMA protocol. Sixty-six articles were analyzed, which addressed characteristics, diagnostic and identification challenges, including the problem of false diagnosis and the phenomenon of masking, where the traits of one condition can hide or exacerbate those of the other. The results corroborate the phenotypic heterogeneity of ASD and the diversity of HA/GD, resulting in asymmetric development profiles that challenge generalizations and the adequacy of traditional diagnostic instruments. The analysis of the scientific production revealed the need for more applied research to validate intervention models and develop identification tools sensitive to this population. It is concluded that the dual exceptionality of ASD/AH/SD is a field that requires greater clarity in diagnostic criteria and personalized interventions, based on individual strengths, to promote the full development and well-being of these individuals.
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