Zinc in Santa Catarina soils: temporal dynamics and pedogenic influences

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for living organisms; however, at elevated concentrations, it can pose risks to human health and the environment. In this context, understanding the natural levels of this element in soils is fundamental to distinguishing between natural concentrations and those influenced by anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to compare the natural zinc contents in soils of Santa Catarina, based on samples collected between 2010 and 2021, in order to assess the stability of values over time and the influence of soil characteristics. A total of 50 representative samples were analyzed, collected from the A horizon, with Zn concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The results showed that Zn levels remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period. A positive correlation was observed between Zn concentrations and clay content, as well as pH. Soils derived from basalt showed the highest Zn concentrations. These data reinforce the importance of keeping reference values for trace elements in soils up to date, considering regional geological specificities and the potential impacts on environmental health. The adoption of continuous monitoring measures is essential to ensure environmental safety and the sustainable use of natural resources, in line with the principles of the One Health approach.