Exploring the relation between autoimmunity and gut microbiota
Keywords:
gut microbiota, autoimmune disease, gut dysbiosisAbstract
The gut microbiota is an important factor in order to improve human health through a symbiotic relationship with the host. Dysregulation of this microbiota, known as dysbiosis, has been associated with the development of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. These diseases arise from failures in the immune system. Recent studies indicate that the gut microbiota directly influences inflammatory and immune responses through the production of metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. The aim of this study is to review literature on autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota, seeking new therapeutic and preventive approaches for managing these conditions. This review, based on scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, highlights that alterations in microbiota composition are observed in the main autoimmune diseases studied. Given the limitations of current treatments, such as the use of immunosuppressants with significant side effects, a deeper understanding of the interaction between the microbiota and immunity is relevant for developing new therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with autoimmune diseases.
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