Causes, treatments and physiotherapeutic intervention in children with idiopathic equinus foot: a narrative review
Keywords:
Equine contracture, Orthosis, RehabilitationAbstract
Equinus foot is a condition characterized by plantar flexion of the foot, making it difficult for the heel to touch the ground and causing changes in children's gait. This deformity can be related to several causes, the most common of which are cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or it can arise idiopathically. This study aims to discuss the causes, treatment, and physiotherapy intervention in the condition of idiopathic equinus foot. A narrative review was conducted based on books and scientific articles from 2019 to 2024. The results indicate that conservative treatment, through physiotherapy, is effective, especially in cases where treatment is started early. Interventions include stretching, strengthening, and use of orthoses. In severe cases that do not respond well to conservative treatment, surgery is indicated, with oblique dorsiflexion osteotomy of the distal tibia standing out as an effective and safe technique. It is concluded that the role of physiotherapy is fundamental both in rehabilitation and in the prevention of complications, and that early diagnosis together with adequate planning is essential for the success of the treatment and improvement of the child's gait.
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